湘西北侵蚀小流域生态恢复适宜度与景观格局特征

Ecological Restoration Suitability and Landscape Pattern Characteristics in a Watershed,Northwest Hunan

开展生态恢复区景观空间格局特征分析,对于山丘土壤侵蚀区的治理具有重要意义。以湘西北女儿寨小流域为例,运用景观生态学原理及空间格局分析方法,对流域生态恢复适宜度与景观格局特征进行了研究。结果表明:生态恢复对女儿寨流域土地利用结构有较大改善,土壤侵蚀量有效减少;林地面积最大,斑块数最多,流域以林地景观为基质;斑块形状较简单,斑块间相似性较强,景观面积有效性较小;流域景观多样性较高,但均匀程度较低,偏离度较大;整体景观的破碎度不高,但居民点的破碎化程度极大,不利于流域景观系统的稳定性。研究结论可为流域治理与生态恢复、土地利用结构调整、景观优化利用提供科学依据和参考。

It was of very importance for bringing soil erosion under control to analyze landscape spatial pattern characteristics in the hilly and mountainous areas after ecological restoration. Based on applying the principles and spatial pattern analysis methods of landscape ecology, ecological restoration suitability and landscape pattern characteristics of Ntierzhai watershed which was situated in the northwest of Hunan province had been studied in this paper. It was found that firstly, its land use structure had been improved well and soil erosion quantity had also been decreased through ecological restoring. Secondly, forestry was the watershed matrix for that forestry had the biggest area and the most patch number. Patches had relatively simple shape, a bigger similarity among them, and a lower effective landscape area. Contrary to the lower evenness and bigger deviation, the divcrsity was higher relatively. Finally, the fragmentation of Nuerzhai watershed＇ s whole landscape was not very high, however, the landscape type of residential area had the most highest fragmentation which was harmful for landscape eco-system steadiness. These results could offer some scientific basis and references for basin governing and ecological restoring, land use structure adjusting and landscape utilizing excellently.