艾丽丝·沃克及其妇女主义思想

Alice Walker and her "Womanism"

突显了艾丽丝.沃克最为独特的女性主义观——公开反对美国社会对黑人女性作家的性别歧视,勇敢面对她的跨族婚姻和同性恋所带来的各种种族威胁和社会争议。尤其是她弃用"女性主义(feminism)"的传统字眼,而创造了"妇女主义(womanism)"来阐述她的女性主义见解。沃克的"妇女主义"作品充分描述了黑人女性在美国社会的奋斗抗争、谋求独立平等的历程,使美国黑人妇女恢复和重建了身份意识和自我价值,并将反性别主义、种族主义和阶级歧视三个任务统一起来。她的"妇女主义"理论主张建立姐妹情谊和女性联盟,并团结黑人男性,丰富了女性主义的思想内涵和斗争方式,也为美国女性主义运动、美国女性文学批评提供了一个全新的理论视角。

This paper protrudes Alice Walker＇s unique womanist outlook--she openly opposes the sexism against black women writers imposed by American society and faces up to racist threats and social controversies resulting from her inter--racial marriage and later homosexual affair. Especially, instead of using the traditional word ＂feminism＂, she coins ＂womanism＂ to elaborate on her feminist views. Alice Walker＇s ＂womanist＂ works give a full description of black women＇s struggling for survival and for being independent and equal in American society,restore and reestablish the sense of identity and self--value in black women,and unite the three ＂womanist＂ tasks of ending sexism,racism and classism. Her theory of ＂womanism＂, which advocates sisterhood, woman-bonding and unity with black men, enriches the connotation of feminism and ways of fighting,and provides a brand--new angle of view for American feminist movement as well as its feminist literary criticism.