湖南郴州农村居民对HIV/AIDS的认知和态度调查

A survey on awareness and attitude of rural residents to HIV/AIDS in Chenzhou,Hunan

目的了解农村居民对艾滋病的认知和态度,探索适合农村预防和控制艾滋病以及减少歧视的教育措施,为有关部门制定相关政策提供基础资料。方法随机抽取湖南省郴州市2个乡镇,通过高校防艾组织,组织大学生开展入户调查,共调查730位农村居民。在调查之后,马上针对一些调查对象不了解的知识和不科学的态度给予告知和纠正。结果被调查的农村居民对3种传播途径(血液、性交、母婴传播)的认知程度较高,均超过85.0%;但对一些较专业的知识及日常接触非传播途径的认知均低于65.0%。愿意接受艾滋病咨询检测的占83.9%,但72.7%的居民不知道可以检测的机构。虽然回答看不起感染者的只占15.6%,但48.3%的人表示不愿意与感染者有任何的日常生活接触,而且78.6%的被调查者认为对待感染者应采取隔离或家庭看管措施。对待艾滋病的态度因年龄和文化程度的不同,差异有统计学意义(非参数检验,P<0.05)。结论郴州市农村居民对艾滋病知识有较高的知晓率,艾滋病防治工作取得了一定的成效。但居民对日常接触非传播途径存在较多的误区,对感染者的歧视程度较严重。大学生组织在艾滋病相关知识的大众宣传中起着不可忽视的作用。

Objective To understand the a wareness and attitude to AIDS of rural residents,and to find the measures suitable for preventing and controlling AIDS and reducing discrimination in rural areas.To provide the basic information for the relevant departments to formulate related policies.Methods A total of 718 rural residents were randomly selected and investigated from two towns in Chenzhou.After survey,some of their incorrect knowledge or unscientific attitude to AIDS were informed or corrected immediately.Results The cognitive degree of rural residents to three classic routes of HIV transmission was relatively higher（more than 85%）.The cognitive degree of some relatively professional knowledge and HIV non-transmission channels was low（less than 65%）.83.9% of rural residents were willing to accept HIV counselling and testing,but 72.7% didn′t know where and how to be counselled.Although 84.4% answered they didn′t look down on infected persons,48.3% of people did not want to have any contact with the infected in daily life.And 78.6% of the respondents thought that infected persons should be taken care of in family or isolatedly.The attitudes to AIDS were significantly different（non-parametric test,P〈0.05） among the residents of different ages and different educational levels.Conclusion The cognitive degree of rural residents to AIDS-related knowledge is at relatively high level in Chenzhou.AIDS prevention and control have made certain achievements.But the residents have misunderstanding to the daily life of non-AIDS transmission routes.There is serious discrimination against the infected.Prevention and treatment of AIDS should be more targeted in the future.