密封源脱落事故现场应急人员被照剂量估算和防护对策探讨

Radiological protection strategy and irradiated dose estimation about emergency personnel at the accidental scene of sealed source escaping

目的应急人员在处置放射事故过程中虽然有一定的防护,但都会受到不同程度的放射线照射,为了准确估算所受照的当量剂量。方法采用热释光剂量探测器敷贴在模拟人体各部位上,通过对剂量测定来估算这次应急处置过程中应急人员所受的当量剂量。结果全身所受放射线照射的当量剂量为121.75μSv,远低于年有效剂量值(20 mSv)。结论对该类事故的应急处置,操作规程是可行的,施行的防护是有效的,特别在近距离操作时间控制上达到应急要求,为应急人员减少所受的当量剂量起决定作用,针对放射事故发生原因提出防护对策。

Objective To exactly measure the dose equivalents in emergency personnels in the radiological accidents. Methods The absorbed dose equivalents of the emergency personnels were measured by using an anthropomorphic phantom loaded with thermoluminescent detectors at various anatomical sites related to sensitive organs. Results The dose equivalent of individual irradiated dose was 121.75 μSv. It was significantly lower than that of annual dose （20 mSv）. Conclusion The operating manuals and radiological protection measures for the emergency of sealed source escaping accident are effective, and especially it spends a little time operating in a short distance that achieve the requirement of emergency protection. It makes a decisive action in reducing the dose equivalent of what emergency personnels absorbed. Radiological protection measures to the faefors of radiologieal accidents are significant.