富源喀斯特地区两种华山松人工林的群落结构特征研究

Community Characteristics of Two Types of Man-made Pinus armandi Forests in Karst Areas of Fuyuan County

以地处滇东的富源喀斯特地区典型人工林即华山松纯林的幼树阶段、始材林阶段和成熟林阶段及华山松-麻栎人工针阔混交林的始材林阶段为研究对象,用空间代替时间选取其调查样地,依调查数据研究了该地区华山松人工纯林各生长阶段及华山松-麻栎人工林的群落结构特征。其中应用物种丰富度、S impson指数、Shan-non指数和均匀度指数分别分析了华山松人工纯林各生长阶段及华山松-麻栎人工混交林始材林阶段草本层、灌木层、乔木层和群落总体的植物物种多样性。结果表明:华山松人工纯林不同生长阶段林分各生活型的植物物种多样性都在始材林阶段达到最大,而草本层的植物多样性最小值出现在幼树阶段,灌木层和群落总体的植物多样性最小值出现在成熟林阶段。华山松-麻栎人工混交林始材林阶段草本层和灌木层的植物物种多样性都低于华山松人工纯林的始材林阶段;而乔木层和群落总体的植物物种多样性则比华山松人工纯林始材林阶段高。华山松人工纯林幼树阶段灌木层的植物物种多样性大于草本层,进入始材林阶段后为草本层大于灌木层并大于乔木层。华山松-麻栎人工混交林始材林阶段草本层和灌木层的植物物种多样性分化不大,而以乔木层为最低。

Choosing man-made Pinus armandi forests of Fuyuan county located in east Yunnan as the study targets,the community characteristics were studied.Stand of sapling stage,half mature forest and mature forest of P.armandi pure forest,and half mature forest of P.armandi and Quercus acutissima;were chosen as the specific study objects,sampling plots were chosen by adopting the concept of space as a substitute for time.The plant diversities of herb layer,shrub layer and tree layer were analyzed by using species richness index,Simpson index,Shannon index and evenness index.The study results indicated the species diversity plants of different life form of half mature stand are the biggest,the minimum value of diversity of herb layer is sapling stage,the minimum value of shrub layer diversity and total diversity occurs in mature stand.As far as the half-mature age is concerned,the species diversities of herb layer and shrub layer of mixed forest are lower than pure forest,however the tree layer diversity and total diversity of mixed forest are higher than pure forest.The differentiation of species diversity in half-mature mixed forest of P.armandi and Quercus acutissima is not significant,and the diversity differentiation of plants in tree layer is the lowest.