汽车行业萧条为推广环保混合动力车提供契机

Sluggish Auto Industry Creates Opportunity for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

日本在城市高速公路不断完善,汽车大众化进程使汽车保有量快速增长的同时,民众对控制汽车尾气排放的呼声也日益高涨,1978年日本国内开始实施相当于马斯基法(Muskie Act)的汽车尾气排放控制方案。上世纪70年代石油在日本一次能源供应量中大约占70%,为了降低对石油的依赖程度,日本加快了核能、天然气、煤炭等石油替代能源的发展。2007年日本运输部门所消耗的能源占耗能总量的23.3%,其中98%是汽油等石油燃料,为此日本汽车制造商开始进行环保车(主要为电动车)的研发。目前,在汽车行业总体销量同比下跌20%的情况下,日本汽车制造商乘环保车减税之际,加紧研发燃料电动车、电动车和插电式混合动力车以及新型的清洁柴油车。建议中国在开发环保车时要注意从生命周期评价来分析对环境的影响,同时借鉴日本和欧美制定优惠政策的经验。

While Japan＇s urban expressway network continues to improve and the number of vehicles on road grows rapidly as a result of the increase in car penetration rate ,there has been an increasingly louder call in the Japanese society for controlling the emissions of vehicles.In 1978,Japan imposed an auto exhaust control scheme equivalent to the Muskie Act.In the 1970s,petroleum accounted for around 70% of Japan＇s primary energy mix.To reduce its reliance on petroleum,Japan quickened its pace of developing alternative energy sources such as nuclear power,natural gas and coal.In 2007,Japan＇s traffic and transportation sector consumed 23.3% of all energy used in the country.Ninety-eight percent of the energy used by the sector was petroleum-derived fuels such as gasoline.For this reason,Japanese automakers began the research and development of ＂green＂ vehicles （principally electric vehicles）.Currently,the overall sales of the auto industry have dropped by 20%.Encouraged by tax incentives for ＂green vehicles＂ , Japanese automakers are stepping up the research and development of fuel cell electric vehicles,battery electric vehicles,plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and new types of clean diesel vehicles.I suggest China analyze the impact of developing ＂green＂ vehicles on the environment through life-cycle assessment and use the experience of Japan,the European Union and the United States in offering policy incentives for developing such vehicles.