提高油田机采系统用能效率的措施

Measures of Improving the Energy Efficiency of Mechanical Lifting in Oilfield

胜利油田1616口游梁式抽油机井的机采系统测试表明,游梁式抽油机井平均功率因数为0.461,平均系统效率只有28.59%,泵充满系统小于0.4的抽油机井占测试总井数的33%。分析显示,造成抽油机系统效率低的原因主要是:变压器与异步电动机之间匹配方式不合理,设备容量大,自身损耗大;占油田电机总量31.4%的Y系列电机的平均空载损耗大,为2.86kW;低产液井电机的冲次可调范围有限,受电机最低转度和皮带轮最小包角限制,其最小冲次仅可调到4次/min,但1～1.5次/min的冲次即可满足生产需要,造成能耗浪费。为此,开发应用新型抽油机脱动系统,抽油机电机负载率从15%提高到35%,平均有功节电率和无功节电率分别达到15%和80%;开发应用抽油机平衡度实时在线检测技术,实现节能降耗;开发新型永磁电机,以增大启动力矩,合理调节冲次。

Mechanical lifting system tests of 1616 beam pumping wells in Shengli Oilfield show that average power factor is 0.461 ,average system efficiency is only 28.59% and the wells of coefficient of admission less than 0.4 are 33% of the total testing wells.The reason of low system efficiency of the mechanical lifting is： unavailable match between transformer and asynchronous motor with large capacity of equipment and large self-consumption;large average no load less of Y series electrical machinery（31.4% of the total oilfield electrical machinery） with 2.86kW;limited adjustable extent of stroke of the electrical machinery in low-liquid produced wells with minimum value of 4 times per minute for limitation of minimum rotation of the electrical machinery and minimum arc of contact of pulley.Energy consumption will be waste for 1 to 1.5 times per minute is enough.New type of mechanical lifting system was developed.Load capacity of the machinery increased from 15% to 35%,and average active and reactive electricity-saving ratio was up to 15% and 80% respectively.Real time online testing of degree of balance was developed and applied to realizing energy-saying and consumption-decreasing.New type of magneto was developed for increasing starting torque and adjusting strokes.