我国7城市中小学生饮料消费现状

Status quo of beverage consumption among primary and secondary students in seven cities of China

目的了解我国城市中小学生饮料消费现状及其影响因素,发现存在问题,为制定有效的干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,从北京等7个城市选取年龄在6～17岁之间的中小学生9194人进行问卷调查。结果中小学生的平均饮水量为930ml±2ml,饮料的平均饮用量为715ml±2ml。中学生在家不喝饮料的比例高于小学生,小学生在学校不喝饮料的比例高于中学生。59.5%的小学生在家经常饮用纯牛奶,超过60%的中学生在家饮用碳酸饮料。25.7%的小学生在学校经常饮用纯牛奶;45%左右的中学生在学校饮用固体饮料。在家里,饮料的准备者主要为母亲;在学校,饮料的准备者主要为其他人。饮料的购买地点主要为家附近的商店或超市。中小学生最喜欢喝的饮料为碳酸饮料,茶饮料和果蔬饮料。他们常喝这些饮料的原因主要有好喝、干净卫生和健康/有营养。结论建议城市中小学生适量增加饮水量。碳酸饮料等软饮料依然是我国城市中小学生饮料消费的主流,而咖啡、固体饮料的消费量在高年级学生中的饮用比例有明显增加。父母和学生本人是营养教育的重点对象,特别是高年级学生。

Objective To learn the status quo of beverage consumption of Chinese primary and secondary school students in seven cities, and to explore its contributing factors. Methods Questionnaire surveys were conducted among 9194 students aged 6 - 17 years old, who were selected from seven cities by stratified multistage cluster random sampling. Results The average water consumption and the average beverage consumption were respectively 930 ± 2ml and 715 ± 2ml. The secondary students had higher proportion of no beverage drinking at home than the primary students. And the latter had higher proportion of no beverage drinking at school than the former. At home, 59. 5% of the primary students drank milk and over 60% of the secondary students drank carbonated drink. 25.7% of the primary students often drank milk at school. And about 45% of the secondary students drank solid drink. At home, mother prepared beverage for them mainly; at school, others prepared for them mainly. The places they bought beverage were mainly the shops or the supermarkets around home. The beverages they most liked drinking were carbonated drink, tea drink, fruit and vegetable juice beverage. The important reasons for this were good taste, clean and sanitary and healthy and nutritious. Conclusion Students should increase water consumption per day. Carbonated drink was still the major beverage for primary and secondary school students in seven cities. But there was a significant increase of coffee and solid beverage consumption in high-grade students. The parents and themselves were the key subjects of nutritional education, especially for the high-grade students.