军事群体心理应激监测、预警及干预效果评价

Survey on the status of phycological stress monitoring and alerting for military group and the effectiveness evaluation of its intervention

目的了解部队新兵跳伞训练心理应激状况,探讨军队群体心理应激预防性干预模式效果。方法采用"军事群体心理应激预警检测工具"和症状自评量表SCL-90对某部800名参加跳伞训练的新兵进行现场团体测试,从中选择年龄、受教育程度均匹配,军事群体心理应激预警检测均达到预警标准和SCL-90得分无显著差异的2个新兵排(1排和22排),1排为干预组,在跳伞前进行两周的系统应急心理干预,22排为对照组,仅进行正常的军事训练,采用"军事群体心理应激预警检测工具"和SCL-90得分作为效果评价指标。结果29个新兵排的SCL-90总均分为0.39±0.42分,军事群体心理应激检测工具总均分为4.13±0.23分,其预警线分值为3.90分。干预后,1排的SCL-90总均分为0.10分,低于22排的0.44分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);1排的"军事群体心理应激预警检测工具"总均分和领导支持、战友支持、应对方式、控制感因子均分分别为4.45分、4.41分、4.68分、4.35分和4.27分,均高于22排(P<0.01);1排的总均分和各因子得分均高于预警线,22排仍有两项低于预警线。结论运用"军事群体心理应激预警检测工具"对建制部队心理应激及时进行监测、预警,并进行应急系统心理干预,可改善部队群体情绪状态并提高其抗应激能力。

Objective To understand the status of recruits＇ phycological stress during parachuting training, and to explore the effectiveness of the model of phycological stress intervention for military group. Methods Using the questionnaire of military group stress alerting and intervention （ATQMGS） and SCL - 90, 800 parachute soldiers were conducted a survey. Two new recruits companies named company 1 and 22 were selected according to age, education, the alerting line of ATQMGS and the scores of SCL - 90. Company 1 was the intervention group with systemic psychological emergency intervention for two weeks, and company 22 was the control group with normal military training. The questionnaires of AT- QMGS and SCL - 90 were scored as the indexes of effectiveness evaluation. Results The average scores of SCL - 90 and ATQMGS of 29 companies were 0. 39 ±0.42 and 4. 13 ±0. 23, respectively. The score of ATQMGS alerting line was 3.90. After intervention, the SCL - 90 average score of company 1 was 0. 10, significantly lower than that of company 22 （ P 〈 0.01） . The ATQMGS average score of the intervention group and its factor scores as leader support, comrade support, copying way and controlling feel were 4.45,4.41,4. 68, 4. 35 and 4. 27, respectively, all higher than those of the control group （ P 〈0. 01 ）. And all kinds of ATQMGS scores of company 1 were above the alarming lines, but the scores of troop morale and comrade support of company 22 were still below the alarming lines. Conclusion The state of military group emotion and the resistance capacity to stress could be improved through the ATQMGS monitoring and alerting and the systemic psychological emergency intervention in time.