吸毒人群中丙型肝炎病毒感染状况调查分析

Survey and analysis on the HCV infection among drug users

目的:了解吸毒人员丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染情况及其高危因素,为此特殊人群提出针对性防控措施提供依据。方法:2005～2008年在江苏省部分戒毒所、劳教所按照随机原则设立7个监测哨点,并按照监测哨点的监测要求对每年4～6月新关押的2811例吸毒人员进行整群抽样,对调查对象进行问卷调查,并采集静脉血液标本,用ELISA法检测抗-HCV抗体。调查数据经复核后录入计算机,应用SPSS11.5统计软件进行汇总与分析。结果:2811例调查对象共检测出抗-HCV抗体阳性957例,感染率为34.0%。其中男性HCV感染率为35.1%,女性感染率为29.2%,男性HCV感染率明显高于女性(χ2=6.32,P<0.05)。调查人群年龄范围为18～74岁,不同年龄组抗-HCV抗体阳性率总体呈现两头低、中间高,最高年龄组为30～39岁组,组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=65.31,P<0.01)。本省籍与外省籍以及不同婚姻状况之间HCV感染率差异不显著。通过注射方式吸毒、通过钱或毒品交易与他人发生过性行为、性行为时不使用安全套等为HCV感染的危险因素。结论:吸毒人群中抗-HCV抗体阳性率远远超过自然人群的感染率,说明该人群存在着丙肝传播与流行的危险因素,是丙肝防治的重点人群。对吸毒人群的高危行为应实施更有针对性的健康教育和行为干预综合防治措施。

Objective：To understand the infection rate of HCV in drug users （DUs） and figure out the risk factors related to HCV infection,in order to provide basis for prevention and control in the particular targeted population. Methods：DUs,who were arrested from April to June,had been randomly sampled at 7 treatment centers and camps from 2005 to 2008. And a total number of sampled DUs was 2 811. Blood was collected for HCV antibody testing by ELISA assay after face to face interview. The data were checked by EpiData 3.1 software before the establishment of databank, and analysised by SPSS 11.5. Results：Among the 2 811 DUs,957 of them were HCV positive （34.0%）,and the positive rate in male and female were 35.1% and 29.2%,respectively. Men showed higher positive rate than women （X^2=6.32, P 〈 0.05 ）. The age range of participating was 18-74 years old. The positive rates were different in various groups and the highest rate was found in the 30-39 years old group. Significant inter-group difference was found（x^2=65.31 ,P 〈 0.05）, but no significant difference was figured out among DUs between Jiangsu province and others,or DUs in various marital status groups. Drug used by injection, sexual behavior for money or drug, and sexual behavior without condom used were high risk factors for HCV infection. Conclusion：The positive rate is much higher in DUs than normal population,which suggests that the special group has risk factors for HCV epidemiology, and should pay more attention in prevention and control of HCV infection. More targeted integrated measures to DUs on health education and behavioral intervention should be performed for prevention and control.