麦-玉-豆轮作制度下施肥措施对土壤养分的影响

Effects of different fertilization measures on soil nutrients under wheat-maize-bean cropping rotation system

为了研究在麦-玉-豆轮作制度下,前茬作物的肥料残效对后期作物的施肥是否有影响,通过三年田间试验,测定分析了不同耕作制度下的土壤营养成分。研究结果表明,与原基础含量相比,连作制度下土壤中的全氮含量增加6.2%,碱解氮含量增加40.2%,有效磷含量下降35.5%,速效钾含量变化不明显,有机质含量下降8.6%;轮作处理的全氮含量下降17.8%,碱解氮含量下降了6%,有效磷含量下降31.3%,速效钾含量增加了15.8%,有机质含量下降了14.1%。在麦-玉-豆轮作制度下,各处理的全氮、全磷及pH值差异均不显著;全钾含量表现出有规律的变化,施肥量正常水平各处理间全钾含量普遍升高,施肥量为零的处理下的全钾含量高于1/2水平下的处理;各处理土壤中有机质含量差异较大。年际间调肥处理可以平衡土壤养分,有效改善根系土壤环境。

In three years of field experiments, soil nutrients were measured under different rotation systems. The result showed that under continuous cropping, the content of total nitrogen （N） increased by 6.2%, alkaline N increased by 40.2% ,effective phosphorus （P） dropped by 35.5% ,organic matter dropped 8.6% and quick effective potassium （K） didn＇ t change significantly. While under rotation system, the content of total N dropped by 17.8% ,alkaline N dropped by 6% ,effective P dropped by 31.3% ,organic matter dropped by 14. I% and quick effective K increased by 15.8%. Under wheat -maize -bean crop rotation system,there was no significant difference on the content of total N,total P and quick effective K. The content of total K showed regular changes according to the fertilizer. The content of total K of every treatment generally increased in normal level of fertilizer. Total K without fertilizer was higher than that under 1/2 level. There were greater differences among soil organic matter in every treatment. The soil nutrient could be balanced by adjusting the amount of fertilizer in different years, and which could also effectively improve soil environment for root.