美国嬉皮士运动:对正统文化的反抗和颠覆

The Hippie Movement in the USA A Protest against the Mainstream Culture

爆发于20世纪60年代的美国嬉皮士运动是对美国正统文化的反动，旨在通过毒品、摇滚乐、性自由和公社等形式挑战、对抗、颠覆和消解基于理性主义和技术治理的美国主流文化价值观．代之以基于非理性主义的价值观及其“另类生活方式”。这场以青年嬉皮士为主体的文化反叛运动不仅在当时名声显赫，引人关注，而且对美国人的价值观产生了深远和长久的影响，其“幽灵”仍徘徊在美国政治、社会、教育和文化的方方面面。

The Hippie Movement broke out largely in response to the mainstream culture of the 1960s American society, aiming to challenge, subvert and deconstruct the prevailing cultural values of the middle-class America. While the mainstream culture was rooted in rationalism and worshiped technocracy as a way of social management, the hippie culture based itself primarily on such irrational concepts as intuition, instincts and romanticism, hence the name of Counterculture. By pursuing an alternative lifestyles characterized by drug, rock and roll, sex, and commune life, the hippie culture tried to change and eventually replace the mainstream lifestyle. As a large-scale cultural rebellion, the Hippie Movement not only attracted enormous attention at the time it occurred, but also managed to produce a long and lasting impact on American political, social and cultural life. Even till today, it is still wandering like a specter across the country.