氮磷钾肥和密度对青蒿生长和青蒿素产量的影响

Effects of application of N,P and K and plant density on growth of Artemisia annua and yield of artemisinin

目的：试验研究氮磷钾肥、种植密度及其组合对青蒿生长、青蒿素含量与产量的效应,为青蒿栽培青蒿素生产提供理论依据。方法：采用L16（45）正交设计田间试验。结果：在合理用量范围氮磷钾肥显著增加青蒿生物量、叶产量、青蒿素含量和产量,氮钾对青蒿素含量提升效应较磷强;高量的氮有利于叶产量,但过量的氮容易引起青蒿素含量降低,从而不利青蒿素产量;高磷钾用量虽没有负效应,但进一步正效应并不显著。密度的增加显著降低青蒿单株生物量、叶产量和青蒿素产量,但适度密度能显著提高群体生物量、叶产量和青蒿素产量,并有利光合产物形成叶产量;过高的密度会显著降低青蒿素含量而不利群体青蒿素产量。本试验16个组合处理间,青蒿叶产量、青蒿素含量和产量相差很大,其中处理12（N肥3P肥4K肥2密度3）为最优组合,可以获得最高小区叶产量和青蒿素产量,且青蒿品质最优。结论：合理施用氮磷钾肥和采用适度密度对青蒿优质高产栽培至关重要,在试验所在青蒿产区,适宜的施肥为氮300 kg.hm-2、磷（P2O5）150～300 kg.hm-2、钾（K2O）210 kg.hm-2,密度为2.5万株/hm2。

Objective： To study the effects of different doses of fertilizer N, P and K and different plant densities on the growth of Artemisia annua and the yield of artemisinin which provides a scientific basis for the A. annua cultivation and artemisinin production. Method： Field experiment with an orthogonal experimental design LI6 （45） was applied. Result： N, P and K in moderate supplies increased significantly total biomass, leaf yield, artemisinin content in leaf and artemisinin yield under both per plant and per plot, with N and K having more effective on the artemisinin content in leaves than P. Ample N benefited the formation of leaf yield, but excess N had a significant negative effect on artemisinin content. Extra supply of P or K had hardly obvious father positive efficiency, nor negative on artemisinin content. The plant density had strong negative effects on total biomass, leaf output and artemisinin yield of single plant （ per plant）, but obvious positive effects on the same indices of population （ per plot） with the moderate densities due to the enlarging numbers of the population; over crowded density significantly decreased artemisinin content and artemisinin yield per plot. By multiple comparison, the treatment 12 （ N3P4K2 density 3 ） which produced the highest yields of artemisinin and artemisinin - rich leaf per plot was selected as the best in the experiment. Condusion： Fertilization quantities of N, P and K fertilizer and moderate density were essential for A. annua growth and artemisinin production. The optimal application of N, P and K were respectively 300 （N）, 150-300（ P2O5 ）, 210（K2O） kg · hm^-2 and the optimum density was 25 000 plant · hm^-2 nearby the test area in Chongqing.