环境适应与宗教的象征意义——彝族尼苏人咪卡哈仪式中的神树、寨门、祭品和祭祀过程

Environment Adaption and the Symbolic Meaning of Religion——God Tree,Village Gate,sacrifices and Worship Process in Mikaha Ceremony of Nisu People(Yi People)

滇南彝族尼苏人的咪卡哈仪式中所祭祀的咪卡哈神树是整个活动的中心和神灵的集散地;寨门是人鬼的分界线;祭品以其种类不同,象征意义也不一致;祭祀过程反映出的是深层和核心的象征意义:天、地、人——水、村寨、土地使用,这是永恒的主题,它反映出的是一种人类与神灵的关系,一种彝族祖先对于生态知识的应用和对于环境的适应过程。

this essay explored all symbolic meanings in Mikaha ceremony. God tree in ceremony is the centre and gods＇ gathering place; Village gate is the boundary line between Human and Ghost; Sacrifices vary in different symbols. The process reflects profound and core symbolic meaning. Heaven, Earth and Human --water, Village and Land use are eternal theme, reflecting the relationship between Human and God and an adaptability of environment and the application of eco-knowledge of Yi ancestors.