欧洲39国学前教育的发展现状和趋势

On the Current Situation and Trends of Preschool Education in 39 European Countries

以联合国教科文组织统计局发布的系列年度报告为依据,本文分析了欧洲学前教育发展的现状和趋势。结果显示:(1)欧洲学前适龄幼儿的毛在园率已达到91%,东欧的毛在园率为80%,而西欧的毛在园率已高达102%。在1999-2006年期间,欧洲的毛在园率又提高了15.4%,目前正向100%的普及率迈进;(2)欧洲学前教育的主要形式是公办,全欧洲在园幼儿中有79%就读于公办幼儿园,东欧就读于公办幼儿园的幼儿比例高达97%,西欧的相应比例也高达66%,虽然近年来私立比重略有增长,但幅度很小,8年里只上升了1.5%;(3)欧洲学前教育的师生比为1:11,近年来虽有波动,但未见趋势性变化。

Based on a set of annual reports published by the NUESCO Institute for Statistics, this article analyzes the current situation and developmental trends of preschool education in European countries. The main findings are： （1）the gross enrolment ratio in Europe is as high as 91 percent, and it is 80 percent in Eastern Europe, and it is up to 102 percent in Western Europe; between 1999 and 2006, it increased 15.4 percent,and it is now approaching 100 percent. （2） Preschoois in Europe are mainly public; 79 percent of the age-group children are enrolled in public kindergartens, which is as high as 97 percent in Eastern Europe and 66 percent in Western Europe; while the ratio of private section is increasing a little in recent years, there has been no significant changes; the private section has increased only 1.5 percent during the last 8 years. （3） The student-teacher ratio is 11.1 ： 1,and there is no trends of significant changes.