规模经济效应影响出口管制政策的理论分析

A Theoretical Analysis of the Effect of Economy of Scale on Security-Based Export Control Policies

为防止军品和军民两用品的出口危害本国安全和战略利益,现代国家对这类产品的出口都会施行管制。受这种管制的产品大多是高技术产品,而这些产品的一个显著特征是具有很强的规模经济效应。扩大生产规模是这类企业降低单价、扩大销量从而获取经济收益的有效途径,而这有赖于市场需求。市场需求包括既有市场的需求和受管制市场的需求。当国家的出口管制政策影响到企业与产业的生存时,政府一般不会坐视不管,往往会进行政府干预,因为高技术产业的生存对国家来说意义重大,由此导致国家调整此类出口管制政策。

The Export of high-tech goods is beneficial to export countries＇ economic interests. However, these goods may often be characterized as dual-use due to their military and civilian applications or may simply be categorized as advanced military items. If these imported goods are employed in a manner that damages the exporting country＇s national security, it may institute its national security-based export control policies. What＇s the role of economic factor in government＇s export control policies？ High-tech goods have characteristics of economy of scale. If the market demand is smaller in scale than the cost of breaking-even for the company, the country will loosen its export control policies or implement its relaxed export control policies. In this manner, the exporting country＇s high-tech industries will be able to meet the demand of economy of scale and will be able to break even or even make profit, thus ensuring survival. If, on the other hand, the market demand is larger than the scale necessary to break even, the country will tighten its export control policies.