斑痣悬茧蜂寄主搜索中的学习行为

Learning behavior of Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera:Braconidae) during host-foraging.

利用风洞技术研究了斑痣悬茧蜂不同阶段的经历对其寄主甜菜夜蛾搜索行为的影响。结果表明:寄生蜂幼期发育到羽化早期所经历的植物对其成虫搜索行为具有一定的影响,在供试的大豆、棉花和白菜等3种植物中,只有大豆-寄主幼虫复合体对无经验寄生蜂的行为反应具有显著影响。寄生蜂1次产卵经历对后续搜索行为的影响取决于饲养寄主幼虫的植物种类,只有在大豆和白菜上的产卵经历对后续搜索行为产生显著影响,即明显偏好经历过的植物;对于在不同植物上经历2次产卵的寄生蜂,后续搜索行为反应取决于植物种类及其顺序,若2次产卵经历发生在大豆与白菜之间,无论顺序先后,后续行为反应均偏好大豆-寄主幼虫复合体;但若2次产卵经历发生在大豆与棉花之间,只有当第2次为大豆时,后续行为反应显著偏好大豆-寄主幼虫复合体;若2次寄生经历发生在棉花与白菜之间,只有当第2次经历为白菜时,后续行为反应显著偏好白菜-寄主幼虫复合体。根据研究结果推断,斑痣悬茧蜂幼期发育、成虫早期羽化的经历、成虫产卵经历对后续搜索行为具有显著影响,而且这种影响与寄主幼虫的食料植物有关。

By using wind tunnel technique, the behavioral response of Meteorus pulchricornis during searching host larvae of Spodoptera exigua as affected by the experiences from immature to adult emergence, and from oviposition were observed. Food plants had obvious effects on host larvae, in which the immature development and adult emergence of M. pulchricornis were accomplished. Soybean plant exercised significant effects on the behavioral response of naive parasitoids, compared to cotton and Chinese cabbage. For the parasitoids with an experience of oviposition once while searching hosts, the effects were dependent on the plant species the host larvae fed with, i. e. , a significant response was performed to soybean- and Chinese cabbage-host larvae complexes. For those with the experiences of oviposition twice on different plants, the follow-up behavioral response was dependent both on plant species and on their sequence experienced. When the oviposition experience happened between soybean and Chinese cabbage, the soybeanhost larvae complex was always preferred, regardless of the sequence experienced. However, when the oviposition experience occurred between soybean and cotton, the parasitoid only favored the recently experienced soybean-host larvae complex. When the oviposition experience was between cotton and Chinese cabbage, the parasitoid only showed significant response to the recently experienced Chinese cabbage-host larvae complex. It is suggested that both the experiences from immature development and adult emergence site and from oviposition can affect the follow-up behavioral responses, but the effects were depended on the plant species the host larvae fed with.