洋太公路对秦岭大熊猫栖息地景观格局的影响

Impact of Yang-Tai highway on landscape pattern of giant panda's habitat.

洋县至太白县省级公路(洋太公路)穿越了秦岭大熊猫栖息地,可能对该地区大熊猫种群交流产生影响。以北京一号卫星遥感图像为数据源,采用分层提取法对道路建设前大熊猫栖息地景观类型进行分类,随后在GIS软件ArcMap的支持下对分类结果进行更新,模拟得到道路建设后的大熊猫栖息地景观格局,利用Fragstats软件从斑块和景观2个层次上计算了洋太公路修建前后大熊猫栖息地景观指数。结果表明:洋太公路穿越了9.4km的林地斑块,公路建设使沿线两侧500m范围6.9%的土地面积转化为建设用地,其中林地面积减少0.9%,各斑块类型的破碎度增加;公路建设后,Shannon多样性指数和CONTAG指数在离公路两侧300m处变化最大,随着距离公路长度的增加逐渐趋于相同,表明公路建设对景观格局的影响随着空间尺度的增大而减弱。最后,提出了该地区大熊猫栖息地保护与管理建议。

The habitat of giant panda in Qinling Mountains is segmented by the Yang-Tai highway, a provincial-class highway from Yangxian County to Taibai County, Shaanxi Province, which could impact the communications between giant panda populations. With the remote sensing images from Beijing No. 1 Satellite as the data source, and by using multi-layer information extraction method, this habitat before the highway construction was classified into different landscape types, and the classification results were updated under the support of GIS software ArcMap to simulate the landscape pattern after the highway construction. Based on these, the landscape indices of the habitat before and after the highway construction were calculated at patch- and landscape scales by using Fragstats. This highway passed through 9.4 km forest patches. At the both sides within the range of 500 m along the highway, about 6.9% of the land areas were converted into construction land, among which, forest land decreased by 0. 9%, and the patch fragmentation increased. The Shannon Index and Contagion Index varied most within the range of 300 m, but tended to be declined with increasing distance to the highway, which suggested that the impact of the highway on the landscape pattern decreased with increasing spatial scale. Some suggestions were given on the conservation and management of giant panda＇ s habitat.