美沙酮维持治疗6个月后海洛因成瘾者渴求程度变化及影响因素分析

Change and influence factors of craving for patients after 6 month methadone maintenance treatment

目的:探讨美沙酮维持治疗患者接受治疗6个月后对海洛因渴求程度的改变情况以及影响渴求改变的可能因素。方法:采用《海洛因渴求问卷》分别在患者入组治疗时、治疗后6个月随访调查,分析美沙酮维持治疗前后患者对海洛因等毒品的渴求程度以及影响渴求程度改变的因素。结果:治疗6个月后患者除自我控制因子外,渴求总分及其他各因子分均低于基线入组时;高剂量组的美沙酮患者治疗后渴求程度降低明显(P<0.05)。男、女患者接受治疗后渴求程度均有下降,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。吸毒年限长的患者渴求水平高于吸毒年限短的患者,接受治疗后渴求程度改善较吸毒年限短的患者明显。结论:美沙酮维持治疗能够减少海洛因成瘾者对海洛因的渴求。美沙酮剂量、患者性别是影响渴求改变的可能因素。

Objective To explore the change and impact factors of craving for heroin in patients after 6 month methadone maintenance treatment（MMT）.Methods The questionnaire of craving for heroin was used to measure the level of craving for heroin when patients just entered the study and were treated for 6 months.The influence of MMT on craving in patients were analyzed.Results The total score and score for other factors decreased except the factor ＂self-control＂ after MMT.The craving for high dose patients decreased significantly after 6 month treatment（P0.05）.The degree of craving for heroin in males and females all decreased after MMT,but no significant difference was shown（P0.05）.The craving degree for heroin in patients with long drug use was higher than that of patients with short drug use.After the treatment,the improvement of craving was more significant for the long drug users.Conclusion MMT can decline the craving for heroin in drug users.Dosage for methadone and gender may be the risk factors of craving change.