云南小麦地方品种及铁壳麦遗传多样性比较分析

Comparison of Genetic Diversity between Yunnan Local Wheat Variety and Triticum aestivum ssp.yunnanense King

为了给云南省小麦新品种选育以及物种保护研究提供依据，选用20对SSR引物对37份云南铁壳麦和35份云南地方小麦品种的遗传多样性进行比较研究。结果表明：在20个SSR标记位点上共检测到54个等位变异，每一位点检测到的等位变异数目为1-5个，平均2.7个。综合Nei＇s基因多样性指数和Shannon多样性指数两个指标分析结果表明，云南铁壳麦品种遗传多样性水平较低。根据SSR标记数据计算云南小麦品种间的遗传距离，其结果表明云南地方小麦品种具有更高的遗传多样性。从UPGMA法可将72个品种分为3个类群，聚类结果表明同一地方的品种没有整齐地聚为一类。

In order to develop more wheat cuhivars and conserve rare species, the genetic diversity of 37 Triticum aestivum ssp. yunnartense King and 35 Yunnan local wheat varieties was evaluated by using 20 SSR markers. A total of 54 alleles were detected on 20 SSR loci. On each SSR locus, 1 to 5 alleles were detected, with the mean of 2.70 alleles. The genetic diversity of Yunnan wheat genotypes was analyzed by the Nei＇s gene diversity indexes and the Shannon＇s diversity ndexes（I）. The lower genetic diversity was observed on T. aestivum ssp. yunnanense King. The genetic distance （GD） among Yun-nan wheat genotypes were calculated based on the SSR data. The results indicated that the highest genetic diversity was observed on the Yunnan local wheat varieties. The UPGMA analysis classified the 72 wheat cuhivars into 3 clusters, which could demonstrate that the local varieties or Yunnan hulled wheat originating from similar region were not grouped together.