规模化奶牛场乳腺炎发病规律的调查分析

Investigation of Mastitis on the Large-Scale Milk Cow Farms

[目的]为分析昆明地区规模化奶牛场临床乳腺炎的发病情况及流行规律，从2003年6月至2006年5月，对昆明某奶牛场饲养的342～426头奶牛乳腺炎的发病情况进行为期3年的跟踪调查。[方法]应用奶牛临床乳腺炎诊断方法进行判定。[结果]表明：牛场奶牛临床乳腺炎平均发病率为8．35％，各年之间平均发病率（8．17％～8．63％）差异不显著（P〉0．05）；月份之间最高和最低发病率相差5．22个百分点（6．579／5～11．79％），差异显著（P〈0．05），不同胎次奶牛发病率差异较大（6．32％～16.67％），1～3胎次与4～7胎次奶牛发病率差异极显著（P〈0．01）；日均产奶量分别为0～10kg、10-20kg、20-30kg和30kg以上的奶牛临床乳腺炎发病率（3．33％～11．88％）差异极显著（P〈0．01）。乳区的平均发病率为9．35％（8．99％～9．80％），各乳区之间差异不显著（P〉0．05），乳区平均瞎奶头率为3．21％（1.60％～4．45％），后乳区的瞎奶头率极显著（P〈0．01）高于前乳区。[结论]昆明地区的奶牛乳房炎发病率无明显季节性差异。

[Objective]The clinical diagnosis of mastitis were utilized to determine mastitis and to analyze the mastitis onsets and epidemic patterns from the large-scale Holstein Farms in Kunming. 342-426 Holstein cows were observed to ensure mastitis onset from June, 2003 to May, 2006 on one of Holstein farms in Kunming, Yunnan. [Method]It was judged by the diagnostic method of the incidence rate of cow clinical mastitis. [Result]The results showed that： The average incidence rate of clinical mastitis was 8.35%, the average incidence rate between years are （8. 17% -8.63%）, the difference was not significant. The difference between the monthly maximum and minimum incidence rate was 5.22 percentage, （6.57-11.79%）, and the difference is significant（ P 〈0.05）. It was the high morbidity period from May to November every year, the average incidence rate all exceed 7%, within which, from July to September is the highest. The incidence rate of clinical mastitis varies significantly between dairy cattle of different fetus times （6.32%-16.67%）. and the difference was very significant （ P 〈0.01）between the lst-3rd and 4th-7th fetus time. The incidence rate of cow mastitis of different daily milk yield, 0-10 kg,10-20 kg,20-30 kg, （3.33%-11.88%）respectively, had significant differences （ P 〈0.01）. The average incidence rate of mammary region was 9.35%（8.99%-9.26%）, and the differences between each mam- mary regions were not significant（ P 〉0. 05）. The average blind nipple rate was 3. 21% （1. 60%-4.45 %）. The blind nipple rate of rear mammary regions was significantly higher than that of the front mammary regions（ P 〈0.01）. [Conclusion]There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of cow mastitis of the season in Kunming.