天命信仰嬗变视野中的孔子天命思想

Confucius' Heavenly Order Conception from the Perspective of Changes in Heavenly Order Belief

在西周天命思想中,"天人互动"的核心理论是:天帝具有"惩恶扬善"的属性;人依据自身善恶邀天福、避天祸。从西周末年到春秋时期,社会现实与上天"惩恶扬善"理论的矛盾冲突日益尖锐,从而导致传统天命信仰嬗变。孔子以此为契机,创造性地阐释了上天对个体命运与社会秩序的主宰,转化了由上天主宰人世祸福的内涵,重构了与传统天命思想既联系又有极大差异的天命学说,以适应时代的理论需求。

In the idea of heavenly order in Western Zhou dynasty, the very core of the theory in ＂ the interaction of human and heaven＂ is that the head in heaven bears the quality of ＂ punishing the evil and praising the kind,＂ and that human could invite happiness and avoid misfortune based on one＇s own behavior. From the end of Western Zhou dynasty, the social reality becomes more and more contrasted with the theory of ＂ punishing the evil and praising the kind,＂ resulting in the changes of the traditional heavenly order belief. At this moment, Confucius creatively interpreted the dominance of heavenly head over individual life and the society, changing the connotation that the heavenly head dominated human destiny, and reconstructed the theory of heavenly order that inherited and also sharply differed from the traditional conception of heavenly order to meet the theoretical demand of the time.