运动技能获得中内隐认知与外显认知的相互作用研究进展

Progress of Study on the Interaction between the Implicit and Explicit Cognition in Motor Skills

外显认知与内隐认知是运动技能认知的两种模式。外显认知是指一种是有目的、受意识控制的、需要付出意志努力并采取一定策略来获取知识的过程,是人们学习运动技能的主要认知模式。内隐认知是指无意识认知,它包括内隐记忆、内隐学习及内隐知觉等认知范式。在运动技能的外显认知中,当指导者提供的外显指导具体且准确,与学习者所要探寻的规则一致时,将促进运动技能的形成,否则将起到阻碍作用。复杂运动技能的学习更适合于两种认知模式的协同化,即先内隐认知后再外显认知可以使技能学习效果达到最好。

Explicit cognition and implicit cognition are two models in motor skill cognition. Explicit cognition is a conscious, intentional cognitive process during which the strong will is demanded and an appropriate strategy needs to be adopted. It is the main cognition model in motor learning. Implicit cognition refers to an unconscious cognitive process that includes different cognitive paradigms such as implicit memory, implicit learning and implicit perception, etc. During the explicit cognition of motor skills, when the explicit instructions are accurate, concrete and in accordance with the target skill principles, they will enhance the cognition of motor skills, otherwise, they will hinder the skills acquisition. The approach of co-effect between implicit and explicit cognition is more effective in the cognition of complex motor skills.