优秀运动员应激源与运动心理疲劳关系研究

Relationship between Stressor and Sports Psychological Fatigue of Elite Athletes

依据Smith认知—情感理论模型及Silva消极训练应激反应模型,采用《运动员应激量表》、《运动员心理疲劳问卷》对132名一级以上11个项目的在训运动员进行调查,结果发现:优秀运动员应激水平属于中等偏低,"运动受伤"和"环境因素"得分较高;不同训练年限、经济条件的优秀运动员应激水平存在显著性差异,在人际关系因子方面呈现出随入队年限递增而分值递减的趋势,在日常生活遭受方面经济条件差的得分最高;应激各因子与运动心理疲劳总分均存在显著性正相关,高应激组与低应激组的运动心理疲劳存在显著性差异;比赛失利因子进入对运动心理疲劳总分的回归方程。

Based upon Smith＇s cognition-emotion model and Silva＇s stress-reaction model for negative training, 132 athletes of first class including above 11 sports events were investigated by Athlete Stress Scale and Questionnaire on Athletes Psychological Fatigue. The results showed that stress level among elite athletes was below the average, the score in sports-related injury and environmental factor were higher; there is significant difference among athletes of different training duration and financial conditions. Interpersonal relationship showed a trend that its score decreased with training duration increasing, athletes with poor financial conditions score the highest in daily suffering; positive correlation was found between stress factors and total score of sports psychological fatigue, and sports psychological fatigue varied greatly between high stress team and low stress team; losing games factor played a part in the regression equation in working out the total score of sports psychological fatigue.