单点高密度地震勘探技术研究综述

The review of point-source/point-receiver high density seismic exploration technology

常规组合采集方法存在组内干扰等缺点,不能满足高精度地震勘探的需要.为此,单点高密度地震勘探技术受到越来越广泛的关注.该技术采用点激发、点接收、小道距、大道数的采集方式,在室内进行数字组合等处理,与常规组合勘探相比可以提高施工效率;消除组内干扰;提高噪声压制的精度;输出多种组合数据;提高地震资料的分辨率和成像精度,改善油藏特征描述等,很好地适应日益复杂的勘探形势的需要.该技术的理论研究已经取得了很多进展,实际应用效果也比较好.尤其是WesternGeco公司,走在该技术的发展前沿,进行了许多成功的陆上和海上勘探试验.但是该技术存在信噪比低,数据量大等问题,其具体实施方法还有待进一步研究.

Because of geophysical drawbacks such as intra-array perturbation, conventional acquisition technology which uses geophone arrays in the field can＇t satisfy the exploration requirement of high precision. As a result, pointsource/point-receiver high density seismic exploration becomes more and more popular. It uses the way of pointsource, point-receiver, small trace interval and dense traces in the field, and digital group-forming in the data processing center. Compared with conventional array technology, it can improve construction efficiency; avoid perturbations within the array; improve the precision of noise identification, analysis and attenuation; output group-forming data of varied sampling interval; improve resolution and imaging precision of seismic data; enhance the description of reservoir characterization and can satisfy the requirement of the increasing complication of seismic exploration. At present, there are many great progresses in the theoretical researches and many effective new methods in acquisition, processing and interpretation for point-source/point-receiver high density seismic technology. WesternGeco is the world＇s leading supplier of this technology, who has already conducted many successful pilot studies both in land and marine. The result shows the above advantages of the technology. However, because of low S/N and large quantity of data, more researches need to be done on the practical application.