论当代科学合理性研究视域的转变——从认知合理性到“生活世界”合理性

The Study of Scientific Rationality——From Knowledge to Social Life

科学哲学的一个核心问题就为现实中的科学提供合理性的辩护。但笛卡儿以来的近代哲学是在主客二分的认识论思维范式下进行的,其辩护属于认知合理性的范畴。具体而言,这种科学合理性辩护以主、客体二分为认识论的基本原则,从认识论和方法论角度出发论证科学合理性,具体表现为实在论与方法论合理性。但这种认知模式的合理性论证一直局限于理论思维范围之内,没有给出令人信服的解释。随着现代哲学的发展,理论哲学的局限性日益突出,"生活世界"开始进入科学合理性研究的视野。

The rationality of science is an important issue in modem scientific philosophy. From logical positivism to scientific realism and postpositivists, the study focuses on the scientific knowledge. It is an epistemological problem. In fact, we discuss the rationality in two ways： cogitation and methodology. But the traditional method led to many problems, In the new situation, we should study in a new way, the practice, scientific socialization should be our important assignment in science study.