三峡库区重庆段不同土壤类型土壤侵蚀景观异质性分析

Research on the Soil Erosion Landscape Heterogeneity of Different Soil Types in Three Gorges Reservoir(Chongqing)

以三峡库区(重庆)为研究区域,以景观生态学原理为基础,借助GIS技术,重点探讨了研究区不同土壤类型的土壤侵蚀景观异质性。结果表明:(1)紫色土、黄壤、水稻土和石灰(岩)土是研究区的主要土壤类型,在空间上呈差异性分布。棕壤、黄壤和黄棕壤受脆弱的岩溶地理条件影响强烈,斑块形状相对复杂,紫色土更多受人为干扰的影响。(2)微度侵蚀、中度侵蚀、轻度侵蚀景观占有较大的优势。侵蚀等级较高,景观破碎化较严重:粗骨土中强度侵蚀的景观破碎化最强;黄褐土中为剧烈侵蚀;极强度侵蚀在其他各类土壤中均明显破碎,是影响景观破碎化的一个主要因素。(3)景观水平上,粗骨土、石灰(岩)上的土壤侵蚀景观异质性最高,土壤侵蚀景观最为稳定;棕壤、黄褐土上的土壤侵蚀景观异质性最低,土壤侵蚀景观稳定性最低。

Based on the GIS technology and I.andscape Ecology theory, we study the soil erosion landscape heterogeneity in different soil types of Three Gorges Reservoir （Chongqing）. The results showed： （1） purple soils, yellow soil, paddy soil and limestone soil were the main types of study area, and clearly distributed in different space. The patch shape of brown soil, Yellow Soil and Yellow brown Soil were more complex because of the natural geography conditions, but the purple soils was disturbed by human activity. （2） The landscape of tiny soil erosion, mid soil erosion and slight soil erosion were the dominant landscape in study area. The high soil erosion grade landscape had the severe fragmentation. The serious soil erosion in coarse soil had the most strong landscape fragmentation level, the same with the severe soil erosion in Yellow Cinnamon Soils, in other soil types, the extreme soil erosion had the highest fragmentation level, it was the main drive force of the landscape fragmentation of study area. （3）Fromthelandscapelevel, the soil erosion landscape in coarse soil and limestone soil had the higher landscape heterogeneity and the soil erosion landscape had the more strong stabilization, and the situation were reversed in brown soil and Yellow Cinnamon Soils.