陕北黄土丘陵区燕沟小流域综合治理的经济响应

Economic Response to the Small Catchment Management of Yangou Catchment in the Loess Hilly Region of Northern Shaanxi Province

以陕北黄土丘陵区燕沟小流域为对象,采用农村社会调查和统计资料相结合的方法,分析小流域水土保持和退耕还林(草)工程建设以来流域经济特征的变化,阐明小流域综合治理对农村发展的主要影响。结果显示,流域农村各业产值和农民人均纯收入(1990年不变价)分别由2000年的803万元和1230元提高到2005年的1069万元和1855元,表征产业结构多样性的香农指数也相应的由1.110增加到1.126。恩格尔系数、基尼系数和贫困指数等计算结果表明流域农民生活状况和收入分配明显得到改善。研究表明通过积极的土地利用和农村产业调整,基本上建立了适合于流域土地利用结构和自然特点的特色产业链条,产业结构也由原来单一的种植业向多元化产业结构演变,小流域综合治理使流域社会经济发展水平得到了整体提升。

As a case study of Yangou Catchment in the Loess Hilly Region of Northern Shaanxi Province, based on the PRA exercise and the historical observations, this literature analyzed the evolvement in its economic characteristics after implementing experiments and demonstrations on soil and water conservation and ＂Grain for Green Program＂ in this catchment and clarified the impact of small catchment management on rural development. The results showed as follows： the rural production values and the net income per peasant （in constant prices in 1990） increased from 803×10^4 yuan and 1 230 Yuan in 2000 to 1 069 ×10^4 yuan and 1 855 Yuan in 2005 respectively, and Shannon index of the industry diversity also grew from 1. 110 to 1. 126 correspondently. The values of Engel＇s coefficient, Gini coefficient and poverty indices indicated the noticeable improvement of farmers living condition and income distribution in this catchment. The results mentioned above suggested that industries were developed for which it has favorable conditions and those with local characteristics through active policies for structure regulations on land uses and rural industries. Rural industry structure characterized by crop farming evolved towards diversification. Ecological rehabilitation elevates the level of socioeconomic development in the case study catchment.