马铃薯微型薯田间繁殖的研究

A STUDY ON SEED POTATO PRODUCTION BY TUBERS OBTAINED THROUGH FIELD PLANTED MICROTUBERS

以马铃薯晚熟品种“下寨６５”为试验材料，研究了离体诱导微型薯直播田间繁殖块茎繁殖脱毒田间１～５代种薯的质量和效率。结果表明，生育阶段比同品种网室繁殖脱毒小薯同代脱毒种薯略迟；生长势、株高、茎粗、主茎分枝数、单株叶面积、根系数、匍匐茎数和匍匐茎长度等生长发育指标，ＰＶＸ、ＰＶＹ、ＰＬＲＶ和ＰＶＡ等重要病毒害发病率及病情指数，干腐病和软腐病发病率，晚疫病发病率和叶面枯死率相同；未发现环腐病和黑经病。单薯重量平均４５．１ｇ，随田间种植代数增加而增大；单株结薯数、单位面积结薯数逐代减小，脱毒田间１～４代单株产量和单位面积产量逐代增加，繁殖效率与脱毒小薯相同，故离体诱导微型薯田间繁殖块茎繁殖脱毒种薯是经济有效且切实可行的。

Using Xia Zhai 65(a late maturing variety)as the experiment material,we studied the parameters on seed-potato production by tubers obtained through field-planted virus-free microtubers in vitro (TFM).The results showed that development stages of seed -potato production by TFM were later than those of minitubers.Plant vigour, plant height,stem diameter,branch stem per mainstem,leaf area per plant,root number,stolon number and length of seed -potato multiplication by TFM were more than those of minitubers.Incidences of PVX,PVY,PLRV,PVA infection,and incidence of wilted leaf area by late blight infection in seed-potato production by TFM was equivalent to those of minitubers. Incidences of blackleg,ring rot,bacterial soft rot and Fusarium dry rot infection were comparable with those of minitubers.The avarage weight of individual tuber was 41.5g.Tuber number per plant and unit area,tuber yield per plant and unit area of seed-potato production by TFMwere more than those of minitubers.It is thought that seed-potato production by TFMwas economical and practical.