伊犁野果林植物多样性及其保护

Study on Phyto-Diversity and Conservation of the Wild Fruit Forest of Tianshan Mts in Xinjiang

在中国仅分布于新疆伊犁、塔城等地的天山野果林是苹果、核桃、杏、李等多种果树的起源地之一，新疆野苹果（Mainssieversii）、野核桃（Juglansregia）、野巴旦（Amygdalusledebouriana）均已被列为中国濒危二级保护植物。根据多年的调查和采集，初步统计分布在伊犁野果林中仅种子植物就有430余种，其中野生果树植物有7科17属48种，此外还分布有许多苔藓类、地衣类以及大型真菌等丰富的微生物资源，野果林又是多种鸟类和动物活动、繁衍的优良栖息地。保护和研究野果林中的野生果树植物、农作物近缘植物、芳香植物、观赏植物和药用植物对于工农业生产和发展具有十分重要的意义。在野果林中野生生物种类和野生近线种特别丰富，但多年来，在人类活动和过度利用等因素的影响下，对新疆天山野果林已构成严重的威胁，诸如出现野果林面积在缩小、生境在恶化、生物种类不断下降乃至消失、草场退化、山体滑坡、水土流失日趋严重。因此加强野生生物种质资源的搜集、保存、鉴定、评价和利用的研究，已成为十分严峻的问题摆在了我们的面前。保护现有的物种（特别是珍稀物种、害虫的天敌等）和各类生态系统，保护植物野生近缘种的遗传资源，是自然保护和农业持续发展的一项重要任务。

The wild fruit forest in the Tianshan Mountain of Mid-Asian, is the origin of the apple,walnut, apricot and plum in the worid. Xinjiang wild apple (Malus sicversii ), wild walnuts (Julans re-gia) has been listed as Class II of State Endangered plants. According to the many years investigation,collection and statistics, in the lli wild fruit forest, there are various kind of plants and the spermologicalplants over 43O species of that wild fruit plants belongs to 7 families, l7 genus and 46 species. Besides,also distributed many moss, lichen, large fungus and microbe resources. Meanwhile, the wild fruit forestis the living and breeding habitat of many birds and beats.protecting and studying the plants in the lli wild fruit forest have an important significance, such asfruit plant, relatives of crop, edible, perfume and omamental plants, and herbal medicine plants. Theabound biodiversity in the lli wild fruit forest is the important bio-gene pool that is essential for the humanexistence and development in the future.