甘蓝型油菜黄籽突变体的遗传研究

Studies on the inheritance of yellow seedcoat mutant in rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.)

甘蓝型油菜显性黄籽突变体９３３０４４产生于甘蓝型黑籽油菜复合杂交第８代。通过９３３０４４与甘蓝型油菜黑籽双低品系９３４３１和７２１—１杂交，研究种籽粒色性状遗传。在９３３０４４×９３４３１杂交组合中，Ｆ１表现黄籽，Ｆ２黄籽株与黑籽株呈３∶１分离。在９３３０４４×７２１—１杂交组合中，Ｆ１表现黑籽，Ｆ２黄籽株与黑籽株比例３∶１３。以上结果表明突变体的黄籽性状受１对显性黄籽基因和１对上位显性黑籽基因互作控制。用Ｙｃ—ｙｃ和Ｂｃ－ｂｃ表示２个基因座的２对等位基因，Ｙｃ为显性黄籽基因，Ｂｃ为上位显性黑籽基因。黄籽性状的广义遗传力ｈ２Ｂ＝６９．８８％～８６．１８％，表明突变体９３３０４４黄色种皮性状有较高的遗传能力。

By composite hybridization between black seeded B.napus varieties (lines), the yellow seeded mutant 933044 was found in a F 8 population. The yellow seeded mutant 933044 was crossed with two black seeded lines 93431 and 721—1 for genetic studies of seedcoat colour. In cross 933044×93431, all F 1 plants exhibited the character of yellow seedcoat and F 2 plants had a segregation of 3Y∶1b. In cross 933044×721—1, all F 1 plants set seeds with black seedcoat and F 2 plants had a segregation of 3Y∶13b. The results indicated that the yellow seeded trait of mutant 933044 may be controlled by two pairs of dominant genes in an interacted manner. Both alleles at two loci were designated as Yc yc and Bc bc and the dominant gene determining yellow seedcoat and epistatic dominant gene governing black seedcoat were presumed to be Yc and Bc, respectively. Broad sense heritability h 2 B=69.88%～86.18% for the yellow seeded character, suggesting that the yellow seeded trait of mutant 933044 can inherit strongly.