动结构式的体验性事件结构分析

The embodied event structure approach to resultative constructions

英语动结构式主要有以下三种研究方法:(1)生成语法的句法分析;(2)Rappaport-Hovav&Levin的事件结构模式;(3)Goldberg的构式语法分析法。三者均有一定解释力,但也有缺陷:生成语法忽视语义和事件结构;Rappaport-Hovav和Levin的分析过于微观,未提及体验性;Goldberg将动结构式视为使动构式隐喻性衍生用法有待商榷。为此本文提出"体验性事件结构"分析法,以期能弥补它们之不足。笔者从体验角度详细分析动结事件结构的七种含义,并逐条论述其如何被语法化成对应句法构式。这可说明:"句法自治"难以成立;不基于体验性的事件结构微观分析缺乏说服力。动结构式直接产生于对应的事件结构和交际需要,应当从宏观角度解释事件结构与动结构式之间的联系,基于此动结构式中的假宾语也可得到合理解释。

There are three main approaches to the analysis of English Resultative Constructions(RC) :(1) Syntactic approach in TG;(2) Event structure approach by Rappaport-Hovav & Levin(R&L) ;(3) Goldberg's construction grammar approach. All these approaches have their merits,but also leave some problems:TG pays little attention to semantics and event structure;R&L emphasizes microscopic analysis,with no attention to embodiment;Goldberg's view that RC metaphorically derives from the Caused-motion Construction is not totally reliable. So this paper proposes Embodied Event Structure Approach,in the hope of remedying these problems. On the embodied analysis of seven implications of the resultative event structure,this paper expounds their grammaticalization of corresponding constructs one by one. Its significance lies in the fact that syntactic autonomy does not hold water,and that microscopic analysis of event structure by itself lacks certain explanatory power. RC comes directly from the corresponding event structure and communicative need,which indicates that we should explain the close relationship between event structure and RC from a macroscopic view,and the fake object in RC can also be explained by this approach.