曹魏侍中与三省制

On Shizhong (侍中) and Three Departments System (三省制) in Cao Wei Dynasty (曹魏)

汉魏时期的侍中是皇帝的近幸之臣,其设置、地位、权限几经变化,最终演化成门下省的长官,成为实际执掌国家枢机的"宰相"。曹魏时期是侍中职权转变的关键阶段,特别是它以特殊的方式介入尚书、中书的权力范围,这是非常值得注意的历史现象。本文根据曹魏侍中的设置特点和权力变化,考察其与尚书、中书的密切关系,着重突出曹魏侍中在当时权力格局中的特殊地位。

Shizhong（侍中, name of official position）was the minister who won emperor＇s favor in Han Wei period（汉魏）. The setup, status and limits of authority of Shizhong experienced repeated changes, Shizhong eventually evolved into chief of Menxia Sheng（门下省）, and became the prime minister who was actually at the helm of the government. Cao Wei（曹魏） Dynasty is a crucial period during which the authority of Shizhong went through transformation. It＇ s a noteworthy historical phenomenon that Shizhong intervened in the authority limit of Shangshu （尚书） and Zhongshu （中书）.