民主巩固视角下的民主转型

Democratic Transformation from the View of Democratic Consolidation

西方主流的民主化研究多将民主转型与民主巩固视作紧密关联的两个阶段,以林茨为代表的部分学者更强调对民主巩固的研究,进而从民主巩固的视角反思民主转型。这些研究表明,民主巩固所需的条件与民主转型所需的条件存在诸多交集。因此,民主巩固的实现一方面依赖于民主巩固阶段的努力,另一方面也受制于民主转型阶段的实践。其中主要涉及经济条件、社会结构、国家能力和公民文化,同时也涉及到民主转型的时机和战略。

Researches on democratization mostly regard the transformation and the consolidation of democracy as two closely related stages, and recent studies focus on reconsidering democratic transformation from the view of democratic consolidation. Inspecting deeply the conditions needed by democratic consolidation and the ones needed by democratic transformation, we would find that there are differences and the same between them. Thus, to realize democratic consolidation on the one hand depends on the efforts in its own stage, on the other hand is influenced by practices in democratic transformation stage. Reconsidering democratic transformation from the view of democratic consolidation concludes economic conditions, social structure, state＇s capabilities, citizen culture, and the time and strategy of democratic transformation.