民国时期留学生与乡村教育实验——以河北定县为例

Students Abroad Participated in Rural Educational Experiment in Republicof China——Based on Ding County in Hebei Province

20世纪二三十年代,留学生群体从事河北定县乡村教育实验的活动,是他们推动中国社会进步、促进乡村教育发展的一件大事,也是把中国农村融入现代化轨道的一次有益尝试。他们深入定县农村,开展社会调查,并以此为依据,采取多种策略与方式,富有成效地推进乡村教育实验,如推行以编写课本读物、创办平民学校为主要方式的识字运动,提高农民的识字率和文化素质;以创造中国式的现代戏剧的方式,丰富农民的文艺生活;以推行农业改良来提高农业生产率和促进生产发展;以实行导生制来解决农村教师缺乏问题,提高教学质量。他们从事定县乡村教育实验的成功经验,也为我国当下农村教育改革提供了有益的启示:加大农村教师培训力度,提高农村教师整体素质;重视农村成人教育,提高农民科学文化素质;注重社会调查与产学研结合,提升农村服务质量;引导大学生走进农村,服务农村经济发展,奉献社会,实现自我的人生价值。

China is an agriculture country. Rural education problems are still the important factors which influence and decide Chinese modernization process. Two to three decades on behalf of the twentieth century, a group of abroad students participate in rural educational experiment in Dingxian Hebei. It can be said that Chinese abroad students serving for motherland promote Chinese social progress and the development of rural education. Also it is a large attempt that they melt rural into modernization orbit. They take root in Dingxian rural areas for carrying out social surveys and writing the investigation report. And the report is used as a scientific basis to promote rural education experiment successfully with a variety of strategies and ways. For example, the literacy campaign aims to raise the literacy rate and cultural quality of farmers, which bases on writing textbooks and founding the civilian school as the main mode. And they create a modern Chinese - style drama to rich the literary and artistic life of the farmers. They implement agricultural improvements to increase agricultural productivity and promote the development of production. What＇s more , in order to solve the problem of lacking rural teachers and improve teaching quality, they implement the tutor system. Their successful experience of rural educational experiments in Dingxian provides a useful lesson to Chinese current rural education ： increasing teacher training in rural areas, improving the overall quality of rural teachers ; paying attention to the importance of adult education in rural areas and improving their scientific and cultural quality ; paying attention to the combination of social survey and production learning and study ; enhancing the quality of services in rural areas ; leading college students to work in the rural areas and serve for the development of rural economic in order to contribute to society and realize the value of their lives.