戴逵《竹林七贤论》探微

Exploration of Dai Kui's "On Zhu Lin Qi Xian

戴逵的《竹林七贤论》两卷是研究"竹林七贤"的一部专门著述,其中不仅保留了大量关于"竹林七贤"的原始文献,也对"竹林七贤"的精神实质加以准确的揭示和评价,具有极为重要的研究价值。但学界对此书一直未予应有的关注。综合戴逵《竹林七贤论》与孙盛《魏氏春秋》关于"竹林七贤"的著述情况来看,《竹林七贤论》应是最早的关于"竹林七贤"的专门著述,其文献价值及研究价值均应高于《魏氏春秋》。由于《竹林七贤论》的缺佚情况较为严重,该书全貌已无由观览。但从现存佚文的细致论析中,仍然可以看出戴逵对"竹林七贤"精神实质的精当评价。戴逵评价嵇、阮诸贤时不仅以事实为依据,力求可信,而且对七贤有褒有贬,公正客观,特别是能透过表象,把握精神实质。这些应是戴逵《竹林七贤论》具有重要事实依据和思想深刻性的重要体现,由此也确立了戴逵及其《竹林七贤论》不容忽视的学术地位和价值。戴逵还曾指出竹林之放达是"有疾而颦",这不仅是阮籍、嵇康辞世百年之后的相知之言,也是最早准确而深刻地揭示出魏晋风度精神实质的不易之论。

＂On Zhulin Qixian＂ is Dai Kui＇s monograph which is consisted of two volumes including plenty of firsthand documents about Zhulin Qixian. It discussed so accurately on them that we should pay more attention to this monograph. But few scholars have recognized this. Comparing with History of the Wei Dynasty, works on Zhulin Qixian are more important although we cannot see the complete contents. But through the remnant we can know the profound discussion on the thoughts of Zhulin Qixain. Dai Kui could not only keep justice by evidences but also go deeply into their intention and desire, when he discussed on Zhulin Qixian, which is the basis of the value of Zhulin Qixian, establishing their status. Dai Kui also pointed out that Zhulin Qixian＇s frowning was based on the sickness which is not the same as moaning and groaning without being ill. His discussion is so accurate and profound that we cannot deny it.