抗战期间贵州现代医疗卫生事业的发展

The Development of Guizhou's Modern Medical Health During the Period of Anti-Japanese War

贵州省偏处中国西南之隅,历史上也一直被归于"蛮荒之地",直到清朝中期才基本形成今之贵州疆域。这些特有的历史地理因素,使得抗战前贵州近代化事业推进缓慢,现代医疗事业更是发展滞后。抗日战争的爆发却为贵州提供了发展契机。作为抗战的大后方,民国政府不得不重视其重要的战略地位,开始下拨大量资金投入贵州各方面的发展,再加上纷纷南迁至贵州的人才和高校的推动,现代医疗卫生事业在贵州快速发展起来。其具体业绩体现在各式医疗机构的建立和扩充、现代医学教育的发展,一批具备现代医疗卫生意识的人才的培养,疾病防治水平的提高、卫生环境的改善、卫生工作相关法律法规的制定,人们卫生观念的改进等各个方面。当然,抗战时期贵州医疗卫生事业的快速发展是在特殊的历史条件下形成的,不可避免地呈现出暂时性、不平衡性等局限,其基础依然薄弱。

Guizhou, a karst area in the southwest of China, whose territory was formed in the middle of Qing Dynasty, was called the desert place. Due to historical and geographical conditions before the Anti-Japanese War each enterprise＇s modernization advanced very slow, but the outbreak of the war brought a new development chance. As the great rear during the period of Anti-Japanese War, the government of Republic of China had to pay attention to the strategic position of Guizhou. Because of the emphasis of the government, the fund investment, the immigration of the talented people and promotion of the colleges and universities and the health service developed quickly, such as the development of the medical institutions establishment, the cultivation of the talented people, the establishment of health laws and regulations, the improvement of the disease precaution and the hygienic idea. However, there are some limitations, for instance, the weak foundation and the short development.