兰那斋滴

The Chedi of Lanna

兰那是今泰国北部的古国,曾经历孟人、高棉人、缅甸人的统治,也曾受素可泰、锡兰等国的深刻影响,因此她是多种文明和文化碰撞、交融之地,形成了兰那建筑独特的多元共生特性。兰那还是佛教胜地,而斋滴是佛教建筑的重要类型,因此探讨兰那的斋滴对研究兰那宗教建筑艺术具有重要意义。该文在简单概述兰那社会宗教背景的基础上,主要对兰那的角锥形斋滴、覆钟形斋滴和塔殿式斋滴进行探析,概括它们的主要特征,指出兰那斋滴与孟人斋滴、缅甸佛塔和支提堂、高棉塔殿、锡兰佛塔等外来建筑艺术间的联系与区别。

Lanna was an ancient Kingdom in the north of Thailand, once governed by the peoples of the Mon, Khmer and Burman, and probably deeply influenced by Kingdoms like that of Sukhothai and Ceylon. The clashes and mixes of multiple civilizations and cultures formed the unique characteristics of the architecture of Lanna where various elements co-exist. Since Lanna is a Buddhist sacred place, the study of Chedi, as an important Buddhist typology, is particularly significant in examining Lanna architecture. On the foundation of briefly describing the social ecclesiastical background of Lanna, this essay mainly studies the pyramidal, bell-shaped and prasat-shaped Chedis, summarizes their features, and depicts the associations and distinctions between the Lanna Chedis and other imported architectures like the Mon Chedis, Burmeses pagodas and Caitya-grha, Khmer Prasat, and Ceylon Dagoba.