新疆地下水资源开发利用现状及潜力分析

Current situation and its potential analysis of exploration and utilization of groundwater resources of Xinjiang

在分析研究开发利用现状的基础上,结合新疆地下水资源最新评价成果,对可开采量、超采区治理、潜力区开发布局等进行了系统研究,提出了地下水开发利用与保护的对策措施。特别强调了合理开发利用地下水资源,对于调解水资源供需矛盾、调控地下水位防治土壤次生盐碱化发生、提高水资源利用效率、保护生态环境的重要性。新疆2008年地下水开采量72.11亿m^3,远期随着水资源利用效率的提高和地下水转换补给量的减少,地下水可开采量宜控制在111亿m^3左右。总体看,地下水开发还有一定潜力,主要分布在南疆和外流河区。由于过去对地表水与地下水转化规律缺乏系统科学的研究,对大规模地下水开发缺乏及时的科学指导,上世纪80年代末部分地区开始出现地下水超采现象,吐哈盆地、天山北坡东中段、塔额盆地等地区已出现大面积的超采区,严重影响经济社会可持续发展和生态环境保护。

Xinjiang belongs to an area lack of water resources with uneven temporal-spatial distribution of water re- sources. Reasonable exploitation - use groundwater resources play an important role in resolving water resources supplying and requirement contradictory, controlling groundwater level to protect soil from occurrence of its second- ary salinization-solonization, increasing in ratio of water resources use, safeguarding ecological environment and so on. In the past, large scale groundwater exploitation was carried out without timely scientific guide due to lack of systematically scientific research on characteristics of water circulation and transformation regularities of surface wa- ter and groundwater. On the basis of analysis on groundwater exploitation-use ＇s current situation, connecting the newly evaluation results on groundwater resources, this paper deals with the systematical research on live exploita- tion magnitude, controlling over-exploitation, and exploitation-distribution of potential areas, and put forward some measurements for groundwater exploitation-use and its prevention.