天山奎屯河哈希勒根51号冰川变化监测结果分析

Monitoring results on the Glacier No.51 at Haxilegen in the Kuytun River Basin,Tianshan Mountains

哈希勒根51号冰川位于新疆奎屯市以南的天山依连哈比尔尕山北坡,即奎屯河上游支流哈希勒根河源区。1999年8月,在该冰川上布设了用于冰川变化观测研究的测杆18根;同时,在冰川外围测定了2个基本控制点和3个冰川末端变化观测控制点,运用GPS和全站仪等观测技术及测杆实测等方法,对该冰川进行了末端和运动速度变化的首次观测。嗣后,每年的8月底～9月初进行了重复观测;并在2000年和2006年对该冰川进行了测量制图。通过实测资料分析并对比20世纪60年代冰川状况,结果表明:42年来冰川末端累计退缩了84.51 m,其中,1964-1999年间退缩了49.00 m,年平均退缩量为1.40 m/a;1999-2006年间退缩了35.51 m,年平均退缩量5.07m/a。冰川面积减少了0.123 km^2或8.3%,其中,1964-2000年间减少了0.083 km^2;2000-2006年间减少了0.040 km^2。明显地反映出冰川末端退缩加剧和冰川面积减少增大的趋势。冰川年平均运动速度在1.53～3.05 m/a之间,并有逐年减小的趋势。

The Glacier No. 51 is located on the northern slope of the Eren Habirga Mountains in the Tianshan Mountains, i.e. the headwaters region of the Haxileigen River, a distributary at the upper reach of the Kuytun Riv- er, Xinjiang. In order to measure and research the change in the Glacier No. 51 at Haxilegen, 18 surveying rods were distributed on the glacier in August 1999, 2 control points were determined around the glacier, and 3 control points were distributed to measure the change in the glacial terminus. And then the changes in the glacial terminus and glacial movement velocity of the glacier were begun to measure for the first time. The results reveal that the Glacier No. 51 at Haxileigen should be a subcontinental glacier; the glacial terminus has been shrunk for 84.51 m since recent 42 years, and it was shrunk for 49.00 m and 35.51 m during the periods of 1964 - 1999 and 1999 - 2006, and the average annual shrinkages were 1.40 m and 5.07 m, respectively. The glacial area has been re- duced by 0. 123 km2 or 8.3% , but was reduced by 0. 083 km/ and 0. 040 km2 during the periods of 1964 -2000 and 2000 -2006 respectively, which revealed that the glacial terminus shrinkage and the glacial area reduction of the glacier become more and more serious. The glacial movement velocity varies in a range of 1.53 -3.05 m. a-1, and it decreases year by year.