中国大城市土地利用集约性的综合评判

A comprehensive appraisal on the intensive land use in big cities of China

应用GIS数据管理与分析技术、TOPSIS综合评价方法,紧扣土地利用集约性的内涵,以城市市辖区为评价单元,从城市规模和土地利用程度,土地投入程度、土地利用效率、以及土地集约利用发展趋势等诸多层次,对北京、上海等18个大城市市辖区的土地利用集约性进行综合评判,得出以下结论:大城市的集约度都在逐年提高,土地利用将更加集约;我国大城市土地利用的集约性,存在较大的地域差异。评价结果表明,青岛、宁波等国家单列城市,规模适中,土地集约性反而很高;上海和武汉的集约度一直处于前三位,其他直辖市和省会等特大城市波动性较大,土地集约性利用还有很大潜力可挖;与上海、宁波、青岛等东部城市相比,太原、石家庄、西安等中部城市,土地利用集约度一直很低,潜力大、亟待提高。此评价方法与评价指标,以及所获得的评价结果,较好地揭示了行政区划调整对城市集约度的动态性影响。

In terms of the studies on the intensive land use, there have been several approaches available; on the basis of the distinct characteristics of the research data and the study of both advantages and disadvantages of differ- ent approaches ,we believe that TOPSIS is the most appropriate. Since TOPSIS doesnt have strict requirements on the distribution of data, the sample size, or the number of indices, it can be applied on both small size sample mate- rials and large systematic materials with muhiple evaluation units and indices for both horizontal comparison among different units and vertical analysis on the yearly basis. Therefore, with such characteristics as flexible application, simple mathematical calculation, and objective quantitative results, the approach has been extensively applied in many fields of economy, management, and medical science. But there is still space for further improving the stand- ard TOPSIS and many scholars propose revised version so as to solve the problem of subjectivity caused by pre - de- termined weight. This article adopts the revised version of TOPSIS approach, which maintains the advantages of the standard version and at the same time makes correction to its dependency on weighted value. Itg easy to understand that the choice of indicating factor is key to the final comprehensive research results, for it ~hall satisfy both the stat- ic status and dynamic changes of the urban intensive land use. Accordingly, as for the comprehensive evaluation on the intensive use of urban land, we believe in the most fundamentals including the city size, the degree of land use and land investment, the land use efficiency, and the general trend of intensive land use and will choose several rep- resentative indices to do our research.. The article evaluates the intensive urban land use in 18 big cities including Beijing and Shanghai, concluding that ： firstly, the intensive degree of all 18 big cities is increasing by years, and the land use tends to be increasingly intensive; secondly, these 18 big cities differ greatly in terms of intensive land use, the cities specifically designated in the state plan including Qingdao and Ningbo enjoys higher intensive degree in land use due to their appropriate size, Shanghai and Wuhan have always been Top 3 in terms of intensive degree, while other municipalities directly under the Central Government and provincial capital .cities fluctuate greatly in terms of intensive land use, indicating great potentials; and thirdly, in comparison with cities in the east like Shang- hai, Ningbo, and Qingdao, those located in the middle of the country, namely Taiyuan, Shijiazhuang, and Xihn, are low in intensive land use with great potentials to develop in future. It shall also be noted that the article doesnt study all the administrative districts of these cities but only the urban districts instead, for these are the areas witnessing the most Tadical changes during the progress of urbanization and therefore better reflecting regional features and dis- tinct characteristics in terms of economy, society, and lifestyle, which are greatly different from those in rural areas. In recent years, more and more cities promote tl^e surrounding counties into outskirt urban districts, an excessive ad- ministrative division adjustment that has resulted in many negative effects. The continuous expansion of urban areas will inevitably cause corresponding changes in the intensive degree of urban land use ,which is clearly expressed in this article through actual calculation of the intensive degree of land use.