冠状动脉支架置入后宿主的生物相容性及其并发症

Biocompatibility and complication following coronary stent implantation

性能优良的心血管支架应具备良好的生物相容性、合适的扩张比、足够的柔韧性和顺应性、材料易消毒、微环境易控制性等特点,置入患者体内后必须保证能使细胞贴附其生长。在应用冠状动脉支架时考虑的主要问题是其与血液和组织的相容性问题。支架材料的生物相容性与其并发症的发生密切相关:冠状动脉支架虽在一定程度上抑制了内膜增生,降低了危险并发症的出现,为冠心病的治疗带来了新的希望,但支架本身也是一种异物,可以引起心室颤动、急性血管闭塞、血管夹层、冠状动脉痉挛及穿孔、无血流及慢血流、边支血管闭塞、血管内再狭窄、血管迷走神经反射和机体的免疫反应等并发症。因而在冠心病的支架置入治疗已逐渐成为一项成熟技术的今天,仍需认真分析各种并发症的情况。

A fine performed coronary artery stent is characterized by excellent biocompatibility, proper expansion ratio, adequate flexibility and complaisance, easy to sterilization, and controllable microenvironment, which can promote the growth of adhered cells. The main question need to be considered in coronary artery stent application is blood and tissue compatibility. Coronary artery stent bring a hope for patients with coronary artery disease by inhibiting intimal hyperplasia, and decreasing occurrence of dangerous complication. However, as a kind of foreign body, the stent implantation is closely associated with complication, such as ventricular fibrillation, acute vascular occlusion, side-branch occlusion, vessel dissection, coronary artery spasm or perforation, vasovagal reflex and immune reaction. Therefore, various complications should attract more attention in treating coronary artery disease with stent implantation.