科特米瑞及其类型理论

A Case Study of Quatremére and His Theory on Type

该文依托于18世纪末至19世纪初法国著名的建筑理论家科特米瑞?德?昆西的建筑思想,史论结合,从而来阐述类型观念引入建筑学的原因、条件以及类型理论本身。文章主要分为三个方面,前两个方面论述了类型理论引入建筑的原因和条件:首先,在启蒙理性和埃及学的发展下,他打破了建筑"一元发生论"的传统,开始正视建筑的多样性问题;其次,受艺术语言理论的影响,他认为建筑是一种物化了的语言,其社会功能就是作为展现给公众具有教化意义的书。文章的最后一个方面主要关于类型理论本身:基于前两个方面,类型被引入到建筑学当中。类型解释了建筑形式的多样性问题,同时它是建筑获得社会功能的一种方式。类型就是形式逻辑,不同的地方建筑形式逻辑具有差异性,同时形式逻辑的遗传附于了建筑社会功能。

This research, by the way of stating historical materials and reasoning, aims at presenting the causes and conditions of introducing the concept of type to architecture, and the content of the type theory itself, according to the relevant thoughts of Quatremere de Quincy who was a famous French theorist on architecture from the end of 18th century to the beginning of 19th. The whole paper is mainly composed of three parts. The first two of them is about the causes and conditions： at first, with the development of the ration concept of the Enlightenment and the Egyptology, Quatremere broke through the tradition of the architectural monogenesis and began not to blench the diversity of architecture; under the influence of the Art-Language theory, he thought architecture is a kind of physical language and its social function is a book for public with the significance of education and enlightenment. The last part of the paper is primarily on the type theory： basing on two parts above, the concept of type was introduced into architecture. The type explains the diversity of architectural forms and is one way for architecture to obtain the social function. The type is the logic of form which is different in different places and whose inheritance endows architecture with the social function.