炭材料的孔隙——调控的重要性(英文)

Pores in carbon materials——Importance of their control

简要说明炭材料中的孔隙分类和特征后,就其孔隙调控方法及调控的重要性作了述评。首先评述了新近所知的常规活化工艺,而后展示了非活化处理的孔结构调控技术,诸如:模板法,PTFE脱氟,炭气凝胶,聚合物共混法,特定前躯体及制备条件选择等。提出了五类应用实例:CO2捕集、水蒸气吸/脱附、汽油蒸气吸附、超级电容器炭电极、重油吸附和回收等,进一步强调了炭材料孔隙结构调控的重要性。

Techniques for controlling the pore structure and its importance in carbon materials are reviewed after a brief explanation on classification and characterization of pores. Recent understanding of conventional activation processes are reviewed and then pore structure control techniques without activation are shown, including the template method, defluorination of PTFE, carbon aerogels, polymer blend method, selection of specific precursors, and selection of preparation conditions. Five examples are presented to show the importance of pore structure control in carbon materials, which included CO2 capture, water vapor adsorption/desorption, gasoline vapor adsorption, carbon electrodes for electric double layer capacitors, and heavy oil sorption and recovery.