环境因子及外源化学物质对植物花色素苷的影响

Effects of environmental factors and exogenous chemicals on anthocyanins in plants:A review

花色素苷对彩叶植物叶片呈色以及果实果皮着色的作用受到广泛重视,但关于环境因子以及外源化学物质对花色素苷的影响研究缺乏系统评述。依据国内外近10年来的相关文献,在阐述花色素苷的生理作用和实用价值的基础上,综述了光照、温度、水分、pH值等有关环境因子和有机物、植物生长调节剂、矿质元素等外源化学物质对植物花色素苷积累、含量变化以及稳定性的影响及其生理机制;结果表明,对多数彩叶植物而言,全光照和较强光照、较低的生长温度、适度的土壤和大气干旱以及低pH值介质条件有利于花色素苷的合成、稳定和积累;而外源物质中,可溶糖、柠檬酸等有机物能促进花色素苷的合成和积累,乙烯、脱落酸(ABA)、金雀异黄素(GNT)、5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)和茉莉酸(JA)等生长调节物质具有促进花色素苷合成和积累的作用,铜、钾、钙等矿质元素可促进花色素苷的合成和积累。论文还分析归纳了该领域尚待解决的问题(如外界因子对不同种类的花色素苷合成及比例变化的影响有何不同?),并指出了今后的研究方向,重点应明确环境因子是如何影响花色素苷的代谢路径以及不同种类植物中的花色素苷对外界影响因子响应机制的差异等。

It has being paid wide attention to the roles of anthocyanins in the leaf colouring of colored-leaf plants and the coloration of fruit skin, but there is lack of comprehensive evaluation of effects of environmental factors and exogenous chemical compounds on anthocyanins. Basing on the relative literatures in recent years, the physiological function and applied value of anthocyanins were discussed in this paper. The effects of environmental factors on the accumulation, content changes and stability of anthocyanins in plants and their physiological mechanisms have been reviewed from several aspects, including light, temperature, water and pH as well as exogenous chemicals including various organic compounds, plant growth regulators and mineral elements. The results showed that particular environmental conditions, such as full sunlight, intensive sunlight, lower growth temperature, moderate soil and atmospheric drought, low pH medium, were favorable to the biosynthesis, stabilization and accumulation of anthocyanins for the most of colored-leaf plants. Morever, some exogenous substance, such as soluble sugars, citric acid, ethylene, abscisic acid（ABA）, genistein（GNT）, 5-aminolevulinic acid（ALA）, jasmonate acid（JA）, Cu, K, Ca, and so on, can promote the biosynthesis and accumu- lation of anthocyanins of the colored-leaf plants. Finally, the problems to be resolved in the research of anthocyanins have been summarized （e.g., what are the differences among the biosynthesis and changes of different anthocyanins affected by external factors？）, and future research directions were prospected, which should be focused on effects of environmental factors on metabolic pathway of anthocyanins and the differences of responding mechanism of biosynthesis to metabolism of anthocyanins in different plants to the external factors.