美国利益集团“游说”高级职业文官现象的历史考察

Historical Review on Interest Groups Lobbying Higher Civil Servants in the United States

利益集团"游说"高级职业文官,是20世纪以后美国出现的一个新的政治现象。这一现象的出现,不仅反映出美国利益集团对政府施加政治影响渠道的拓宽同时也折射出美国联邦政府权力重心所发生的某种转移,特别是折射出政府行政权扩大和高级职业文官势力膨胀这样一个事实。与此同时,这一现象也给美国政治和社会的发展同时带来了积极和消极两个方面的影响。

Interest groups lobbying higher civil servant has been a new political phenomenon since the 2uth century in the United States. This phenomenon not only reflected the channel to be widened on influencing American government of interest groups, but also reflected some changes on American political structure. In particular, it reflected the expansion of executive power and the rising of higher civil servants. Meanwhile, this phenomenon brought both positive and negative influences to current American politics and society.