西汉二千石秩级的演变

The Evolution of "Erqianshi" Levels of the Official Rank in the West Han Dynasty

汉初无中二千石、比二千石秩级,而仅有二千石秩级,其最初的俸禄水平为满俸二千石。其后有所变化,最终形成一千四百四十石的定例。中二千石最初专指京师二千石,其俸禄水平与地方郡守二千石相同。到汉景帝中元六年或汉武帝建元初年之后,才发展为一个有别于二千石的秩级。比秩最初来自于爵位与秩级的类比,以确定相应爵位的待遇水平,大约在汉武帝元狩五年或稍前时候,才开始用来指称吏员的"守"秩。真二千石从来就不是一个独立的秩级,于汉武帝元朔二年颁行推恩诏之后、宣帝地节三年之前或为中二千石的别称,意为年俸真正满了二千石者。于宣帝地节三年之后的某个时期,开始成为二千石的别称,以与吏员试守之制相区别。

There was only ＂Er-qian-shi＂ in the early Han Dynasty without ＂Zhong-er-qian-shi＂ and ＂Bi-er-qian-shi＂. Its first salary was 2000 Shi, then changed, and finally established as 1440 Shi. ＂Zhong-er-qian-shi＂ referred specially to ＂Er-qian-shi＂ in the capital whose salary was the same as ＂Junshou＂ at first, and when time came to the sixth year of ＂Zhongyuan＂ of Emperor Jing or after the first year of ＂Jianyuan＂ of Emperor Wu, it became an official rank. To determine the salary of the titles, ＂Bi＂ official rank is an analogy of the title and the official rank. About the fifth year of ＂Yuanshou＂ of Emperor Wu or slightly before, ＂Bi＂ official rank started to refer to ＂Shou＂ level of the official rank. ＂Real Erqianshi＂ was never referred to as an independent official rank, which was an another name of ＂Zhong-er-qian- shi＂ after the second year of ＂Yuanshou＂ of Emperor Wu who introduced ＂Tuien＂ Chao and before the third year of ＂Dijie＂ of Emperor Xuan,meaning to have 2000 Shi enough every year. At a period after the third year of ＂Dijie＂ of Emperor Xuan,＂Real Er-qian-shi＂ stared to become another name of ＂Er-qian-shi＇, for distinction of ＂Shishou＂ of offi- cials.