北京15种园林树木耗水性的比较研究

Comparative Research of Water Consumption From 15 Garden Tree Species in Beijing

采用盆栽称重法对北京丁香等15种园林树木的蒸腾耗水量进行观测,结果表明,在相似的环境平台下：单位叶面积的年均日耗水量榆叶梅最大,为1990.5 g/m^2,黄栌最小,为291.4 g/m^2,榆叶梅、栾树、金丝柳、元宝枫、西府海棠为高耗水树种,年均日耗水量大于1000 g/m^2,黄栌、铺地柏、金叶女贞为低耗水树种,年均日耗水量低于500 g/m^2,北京丁香、大叶黄杨、棣棠、北京桧、油松、白皮松、侧柏为中等耗水树种,年均日耗水量500～1000 g/m^2;15种树木耗水的季节差异明显,元宝枫属于春季耗水型,金丝柳、大叶黄杨、金叶女贞、棣棠、白皮松、油松、铺地柏、侧柏属于夏季耗水型,北京丁香属于秋季耗水型,西府海棠属于夏秋耗水型,栾树、榆叶梅、黄栌、北京桧属于均衡耗水型.研究结果可为北京城市绿化低耗水树种选择、绿地结构合理配置提供依据.

The paper made an observation study of the water consumption of 15 garden tree species by using the method of pot growing and weighing. Results indicate that in a similar environment, the mean annual daily water consumption per unit leaf area for Prunus triloba is the biggest, being 1990. 5 g/m^2, and that for Cotinus coggygria is the smallest, being 291.4 g/m^2, that Prunus triloba, Koelreuteria paniculata, Salix alba ＇Tristis＇, Acer truncatum and Malus micromalus belong to species of high water consumption （more than 1000 g/m^2） , Cotinus coggygria, Sabina procumbens and Ligustrum × vicaryi belong to species of low water consumption （less than 500 g/m^2） and Syringa pekinensis, Euonymus japonicus, Kerria japonica, Sabina chinensis, Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus bungeana and Platycladus orientalis all belong to species of middle water consumption （between 500- 1000 g/m^2）; and that the water consumption of all the species just varies obviously with the change of seasons; Acer truncatum belongs to the type of spring, Salix alba ＇Tristis＇, Euonymus japonicus, Ligustrum × vicaryi, Kerria japonica, Pinus bungeana, Pinus tabulaeformis, Sabina procumbens, Malus micromalus and Platycladus orientalis belong to the type of summer, Syringa pekinensis to the type of autumn, Malus micromalus to the type of summer-autumn, and Koelreuteria paniculata, Prunus triloba, Cotinus coggygria and Sabina chinensis belong to the type of evenly each season. This research provides a theoretical support to the selection of low water-consumption species for city greening and to the reasonable allocation of urban green lands.