人口、生态与地租制度

POPULATION, ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT AND RENTING SYSTEM

影响地租制度变化的条件有多种，本文从人口和生态两方面分析了历史上特别是清末、民国时期封建地租类型和分布特点。从历史上看，随着人口压力的增长，分租制逐渐过渡到定额制，在晚期人口压力过度的条件下，出现了押租、预租等较为残酷的剥削类型。本文还指出，永佃制的产生和发展也与生态变迁、特别是土壤生态条件的变化有一定的联系。

The land-rent typies and their distribution in history especially in later Qing Dynasty and the repub-lic of China are discussed in thes paper. From long peried, the sharecorpping system was changing to the fixed rent system as the population pressure growthed. In later period, as population pressure becom seri-ous,the very cruel exploiting rent types such as yazhu and yuzhu appeaed. Furthermore,the developimg of yongdian system has some relationship with the changing of ecological environ-ment especially the soil ecological condition.