海门方言动词的体

On the Aspects of Verbs in Haimen Dialect

海门方言实现体的动趋式"V+来/去"以"动+体"为优先组合,普通话则以"动+趋"为优先组合;海门方言将行体多用"VP+快"格式,普通话则多用"快要+VP";海门方言起始体用"V+出来"表示,对应于普通话的"V+起来",但"出来"另兼有时间状语从句标记的用法;海门方言进行体用"勒憾+V"表示,持续体则用"V+勒憾"表示;海门方言已然体用句末复合语气词"个特"表示,"个特"常弱化脱落为"特",从而逐渐与普通话的句末语气词"了"形成完全对应。

In Haimen dialect, the preferential construction of realized aspect of verb-direction construction ＂V-lai/qu＂ is ＂verb-aspect＂ while in Mandarin it is ＂verb-direction＂. In Haimen dialect ,＂ VP-kuai＂ is most commonly used form of immediate aspect while in Mandarin it is ＂kuaiyao-VP＂. Corresponding with ＂V ＋ qilai＂ in Mandarin, ＂V ＋ chulai＂ in Haimen dialect can be used as the form of ingressive aspect. In addition, ＂chulai＂ can also be used as a mark of time clause. In Haimen dialect, ＂lehan ＋ V＂ expresses meaning of progressive aspect while ＂V ＋ lehan＂ expresses meaning of continuity aspect. In Haimen dialect, compound modal particle ＂gete＂ at the end of the sentence can express meaning of perfect aspect and ＂kete＂ often becomes ＂te＂ by reducing and losing, so ＂gete＂ in Haimen dialect is forming correspondence with modal particle ＂le＂ in Mandarin gradually.